§ 80.213   Modulation requirements.

   (a) Transmitters must meet the following modulation requirements:

   (1)  When double sideband emission is used the peak modulation must be
   maintained between 75 and 100 percent;

   (2) When phase or frequency modulation is used in the 156-162 MHz band the
   peak modulation must be maintained between 75 and 100 percent. A frequency
   deviation of ±5 kHz is defined as 100 percent peak modulation; and

   (3) In single sideband operation the upper sideband must be transmitted.
   Single sideband transmitters must automatically limit the peak envelope
   power to their authorized operating power and meet the requirements in
   § 80.207(c).

   (b) Radiotelephone transmitters using A3E, F3E and G3E emission must have a
   modulation  limiter  to  prevent any modulation over 100 percent. This
   requirement does not apply to survival craft transmitters, to transmitters
   that do not require a license or to transmitters whose output power does not
   exceed 3 watts.

   (c) Coast station transmitters operated in the 72.0-73.0 MHz and 75.4-76.0
   MHz bands must be equipped with an audio low-pass filter. The filter must be
   installed between the modulation limiter and the modulated radio frequency
   stage. At frequencies between 3 kHz and 15 kHz it must have an attenuation
   greater  than  at  1 kHz by at least 40log10 (f/3) dB where “f” is the
   frequency in kilohertz. At frequencies above 15 kHz the attenuation must be
   at least 28 dB greater than at 1 kHz.

   (d) Ship and coast station transmitters operating in the 156-162 MHz and
   216-220 bands must be capable of proper operation with a frequency deviation
   that does not exceed ±5 kHz when using any emission authorized by § 80.207.

   (e) Coast station transmitters operated in the 156-162 MHz band must be
   equipped with an audio low-pass filter. The filter must be installed between
   the  modulation  limiter  and  the modulated radio frequency stage. At
   frequencies between 3 kHz and 20 kHz it must have an attenuation greater
   than at 1 kHz by at least 60log10(f/3) dB where “f” is the audio frequency
   in kilohertz. At frequencies above 20 kHz the attenuation must be at least
   50 dB greater than at 1 kHz.

   (f) Radiodetermination ship stations operating on 154.585 MHz, 159.480 MHz,
   160.725 MHz, 160.785 MHz, 454.000 MHz and 459.000 MHz must employ a duty
   cycle with a maximum transmission period of 60 seconds followed by a minimum
   quiescent period four times the duration of the transmission period.

   (g) Radar stations operating in the bands above 2.4 GHz may use any type of
   modulation consistent with the bandwidth requirements in § 80.209(b).

   (h) Radar transponder coast stations using the 2900-3100 MHz or 9300-9500
   MHz band must operate in a variable frequency mode and respond on their
   operating  frequencies  with a maximum error equivalent to 100 meters.
   Additionally, their response must be encoded with a Morse character starting
   with a dash. The duration of a Morse dot is defined as equal to the width of
   a space and 1⁄3 of the width of a Morse dash. The duration of the response
   code must not exceed 50 microseconds. The sensitivity of the stations must
   be adjustable so that received signals below −10 dBm at the antenna will not
   activate the transponder. Antenna polarization must be horizontal when
   operating in the 9300-9500 MHz band and either horizontal or both horizontal
   and  vertical  when  operating in the 2900-3100 MHz band. Racons using
   frequency agile transmitting techniques must include circuitry designed to
   reduce interference caused by triggering from radar antenna sidelobes.

   (i) Variable frequency ship station transponders operating in the 2900-3100
   MHz or 9300-9500 MHz band that are not used for search and rescue purposes
   must meet the following requirements:

   (1) Non-selectable transponders must have the following characteristics:

   (i) They must respond on all their frequencies with a maximum range error
   equivalent to 100 meters;

   (ii)  They  must  use  a  Morse  encoding  of “PS” (dot-dash-dash-dot,
   dot-dot-dot), meaning “You should not come any closer”. The width of a Morse
   dot is defined as equal to the width of a space and 1⁄3 of the width of a
   Morse dash;

   (iii) When they employ swept frequency techniques they must not transmit on
   any frequency for more than 10 seconds in any 120 second period;

   (iv) Any range offset of their response must occur during their pause on the
   fixed frequency;

   (v) The duration of the response code must not exceed 50 microseconds;

   (vi) The sensitivity of the stations must be adjustable so that received
   signals  below  −10  dBm  at  the  antenna input will not activate the
   transponder;

   (vii)  Antenna  polarization  must be horizontal when operating in the
   9300-9500 MHz band and either horizontal or both horizontal and vertical
   when operating in the 2900-3100 MHz band.

   (viii) Transponders using frequency agile techniques must include circuitry
   designed to reduce interference caused by triggering from radar antenna
   sidelobes.

   (2)  Selectable  transponders  must  be authorized under part 5 of the
   Commission's rules until standards for their use are developed.

   (j) The transmitted signals of search and rescue transponders must cause to
   appear on a radar display a series of at least 20 equally spaced dots.

   (k) The modulation requirements for EPIRB's are contained in subpart V.

   [ 51 FR 31213 , Sept. 2, 1986, as amended at  52 FR 7418 , Mar. 11, 1987;  52 FR 28825 , Aug. 4, 1987;  54 FR 40058 , Sept. 29, 1989;  57 FR 43407 , Sept. 21,
   1992;  65 FR 77824 , Dec. 13, 2000;  68 FR 46965 , Aug. 7, 2003;  69 FR 64673 ,
   Nov. 8, 2004]

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